Prevalence of high Risk Human Papilloma Viruses 16 and 18 (HR-HPV16&18) Among Sudanese Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer, usually involve esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC), is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world [1]. Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the world [2]. Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma represent the core histological subtypes of esophagus cancer [3]. Esophageal carcinoma represents a poor prognosis among gastrointestinal cancers. While esophageal squamous cell carcinoma predominates worldwide, Western nations have seen a marked rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma that parallels the obesity epidemic. Efforts directed toward early detection have been difficult, assumed that dysplasia and early cancer is generally asymptomatic. However, significant developments have been made in the past 10 to 15 years that permit for endoscopic management and often cure in early stage esophageal malignancy [4].